TABLES

Table 1 – Principal Languages in Switzerland
Chapter 1 / Page 6

Table 2 – Romansh Speakers Throughout Switzerland, 1990
Chapter 1 / Page 16

Table 3 – Swiss Cantons and their Cultural Characteristics
Chapter 3 / Page 140

Table 4 – Multilingualism in Switzerland
Chapter 3 / Page 145

Table 5 – International Migration, 1998/1999
Chapter 3 / Page 149

Table 6 – Alpine Passes and their Elevations
Chapter 4 / Page 200

Table 7 – Romansh and Territory
Chapter 5 / Page 303
 


Table 1
Principal Languages in Switzerland:
1990 Federal Census  
Principal Language     All Residents        Swiss        Foreigners     Total
German 4,374,694 73.4% 19.6% 63.6%
--Dialect (Schwyzertüütsch)

--High German (Hochdeutsch)

--Both (Swiss & High German)

 66.4%

6.7%

26.9%
French 1,321,695 20.5% 13.3% 19.2%
--Dialect (Patois romand)

--Standard / literary

--Both

 0.6%

98.0%

1.5%
Italian 524,116 4.1% 23.7% 7.6%
--Dialect (Dialetti eg.Ticino)

--Standard (or Lombard)

--Both (CH Dialect & Other)

 5.4%

82.5%

12.0%
ROMANSH

(All Rhaeto-Romance)

--workplace, school, or home*

 39,632

(66,356)

 0.7% 0.1% 0.6%
Monolingual 20.3%

Multilingual 79.8% **

Total Linguals

 (12,963)

(49,390)

(62,353)
All Others

(non-National languages)

 613,550 1.3% 43.3% 8.9%
English (only as principal)

--workplace, school, or home*

 60,786

(>650,000)
Slavic

--South Slavic (f. Yugoslavia)

 128,093

(110,270)
Spanish 116,818
Portuguese 93,753
Turkish 61,320
Albanian

Arabic

Dutch

OTHERS (<10,000)

 35,853

17,721

11,895

87,311
TOTALS 6,873,687 5,627,066

81.86%

 1,246,621

18.14%

Sources: Bundesamt für Statistik, 1995:108, 320 and 1999:419-420 and 1997:495
 (Eidgenössische Volkszählung 1990: questions 2.003-00.01 and 2.004-00)
 * Commonly used languages (Lia Rumantscha, 1996 for Romansh total and a conservative estimate of the combined totals for English).
 ** Multilingual combinations are Romansh and any other National language.

BACK TO CHAPTER ONE

Table 2
Romansh Throughout Switzerland in 1990
 
 
Statistical Region

Canton
--sub regional unit

 "Primary"

Romansh as Main language

 "Linguals"

Mono- and Multilinguals
Northeast 4999 10,694
Zürich (Canton) 3293 7151
--Zürich metropolitan 2892 6229
St. Gallen 1070 2141
--Sarganserland* 200 396
Northwest 2493 6450
Bern 875 2295
--Bern metro. (Federal capital) 224 1187
Aargau 755 1581
Basel (city & land) 613 1487
Central 1084 2179
Luzern 473 951
Uri* 68 137
West (Suisse Romand) 887 2320
Genève 304 769
South (High Alps) 30,169 40,894
Ticino (Italian)* 365 887
Valais/Wallis 125 230
Graubünden / Grischun** 29,679 39,777
--Romansh majority region 19,300 21,650
--Chur metropolitan 3980 6615
--Chur city 2269 3605
--Surselva/Oberland 13,400 15,407
--Engiadina/Südbünden 8019 11,001
--Grischun Central/Mittelbünden 3583 5147
URBAN AREAS 11,899 24,734
RURAL AREAS 27,733 37,618
--demographic collapse 2524 2806
TOTAL 39,632 62,353
Source: Bundesamt für Statistik, 1995.
(1990 Federal Census, questions 2.003-00.01 and 2.004-00)
* Adjacent areas with trans-border links to Graubünden/Grischun
** Statistical regions of Chur Agglomeration, Chur Stadt, & Surselva are identical with Census regions; Engiadina and Grischun Central are calculated from existing political units (Kreis & Bezirk). BACK TO CHAPTER ONE

Table 3
Swiss Cantons and their Characteristics
 
 
CANTONS

[20 full, 6 half]

 YEAR Prior 

status

 Change/

factor

 Federal

mandates

(246)

 Language

(official)

 Religion

(official)
Zurich 1351 free city Old 8 36 German Reformed
Bern 1353 free city Old 8 29 German /

French

 Reformed
Luzern 1332 free city Old 8 12 German Catholic
Uri 1291 land Urkantone 3 3 German Catholic
Schwyz 1291 land Urkantone 3 5 German Catholic
Obwalden [½]  1291 land – Unterwalden Urkantone 3 2 German Catholic
Nidwalden [½]  1291 land – Unterwalden Urkantone 3 2 German Catholic
Glarus 1352 land Old 8 3 German Reformed
Zug 1352 free city Old 8 5 German Catholic
Fribourg 1481 free city Burgandy War 8 French /

German

 Catholic
Solothurn 1481 free city Burgandy War 9 German Catholic
Baselstadt [½] 1501 free city Swabian War 7 German Reformed
Baselland [½] 1501 1833 city/ land separation  Swabian War 8 German Reformed
Schaffhausen 1501 free city Swabian War 4 German Reformed
Appenzell Ausserrhoden [½] 1513 land – Reform-ation split Post Swabian 3 German Reformed
Appenzell Innerrhoden [½] 1513 land – Reform-ation split Post Swabian 2 German Catholic
St. Gallen 1803 independent ally (city) Napoleonic Wars 14 German Reformed
Grischun

Graubünden

Grigioni

 1803 independent allies 

(3 leagues)

 Napoleonic Wars 7 Romansh /

German /

Italian

 Mixed

(Commune)
Aargau 1803 occupied by confederation Napoleonic Wars 17 German Mixed

(Confed.)
Thurgau 1803 occupied by confederation Napoleonic Wars 8 German Reformed
Ticino 1803 occupied by confederation Napoleonic Wars 10 Italian Catholic
Vaud 1803 occupied by confederation Napoleonic Wars 19 French Reformed
Valais/Wallis 1815 independent allies (land) Napoleonic Wars 9 French/

German

 Catholic
Neuchâtel 1815 ind. / part of Prussia Napoleonic Wars 7 French Reformed
Genève 1815 independent ally (city) Napoleonic Wars 13 French Reformed
Jura 1979 ecclesiastic land separated from Bern 4 French Catholic
Sources: Im Hof, 1993; Segesser, 1998

RETURN TO CHAPTER 3


Table 4
Multilingualism in Switzerland:
Combinations of National Languages in Switzerland and Grischun
 

National Languages:                                 Switzerland       Grischun           %GR**
 
Romansh monolinguals 12,963 12,054 93.0
German monolinguals 3,683,228 92,220 2.5
German & French 690,439 4841 0.7
German & Italian 308,374 12,540 4.1
German & Romansh 28,840 19,583 67.9
French & Italian 129,962 280 0.2
French & Romansh 709 38 5.4
Italian & Romansh 1191 494 41.8
-- {Romansh Bilinguals} 30,740 20,115 65.4
German, French, & Italian 242,432 5040 2.1
German, French, & Romansh 3723 1122 30.1
German, Italian, & Romansh (GR*) 7111 4066 57.2
French, Italian, & Romansh 681 4 0.6
-- {Romansh Trilinguals} 11,515 5192 45.1
All four national languages 7135 2416 33.9
-- {All Romansh Plurilinguals} 49,390 27,723 56.1
Total Multilinguals 1,420,597 50,424 3.5
TOTAL POPULATION 6,873,687 173,890 2.5

Source: 1990 Federal Census (Bundesamt für Statistik, 1995)
 * Three official languages of the Canton Grischun
 ** Percent of Swiss Totals residing in Canton Grischun

BACK TO CHAPTER 3

Table 5
International Migration, 1998/1999:
Public Spheres of Citizenship and Residency
 
Swiss citizens

residing Abroad

(5th Switzerland)

 REGION

/ States*

[Subtotals]

 Foreign Nationals

residing in 

Switzerland
346,356 EUROPE 1,243,213
3894 Liechtenstein 1609
145,984 France 57,881
66,744 Germany 98,934
39,418 Italy 336,850
11,905 Austria 28,290
267,945 [all border states] 523,564
17,834 Spain 91,302
2382 Portugal 136,581
24,208 United Kingdom 20,222
333,726 [all EU states] 810,143
na former Yugoslavia 324,981
na Turkey 80,286
151,967 AMERICAS 44,043
66,176 United States 13,235
34,228 Canada 3921
12,358 Brazil 6777
14,474 Argentina na
na Chile 3939
23,296 ASIA 60,924
8620 Israel na
na Sri Lanka 14,402
17,286 AFRICA 32,953
8995 South Africa na
na [all Maghreb] 11,749
23,908 Australia/other 2248
562,813 TOTALS 1,383,645
CITIZENSHIP

6,302,705

 Swiss in-situ

5,739,893

 RESIDENCE

7,123,537

Sources: Bundesamt für Statistik, 1999:28 (immigration),57 (emigration).
*Regions and States of origin / destination are Census categories
Explanations: na = negligible amount; Liechtenstein is in a customs union with Switzerland and is not part of the EU; the four other border states are part of the current 15 member EU; Maghreb is Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

BACK TO CHAPTER 3


Table 6
Alpine Passes and their Elevations:
Greater Rhaetian/Grischun Region
 
 
Pass / Cuolm Elevation Divide Transport Historic
Alvra 2312 En-Rein Rail (T)

Road (S)

  
Bernina 2328 En-Po Rail

Road (S)

  
Brenner 1370 En-Etsch Rail 

Hwy

 A-I border
Fenga 2608 En-Inn Path  
Flüela 2383 En-Rein Road (S)  
Foscagno (I) 2291 En-Po Road  
Fuorn 2149 En-Etsch Road Val Müstair link
Gotthard 2108 Po-Rhein(R) Rail (T)

Hwy (T)

Road (S)

 CH
Greina 2357 Po-Rein Path  
Julier (Güglia) 2284 En-Rein Road Julier Route
Livigno 2315 En-Po Road (S) CH-I border
Lucmagn 1914 Po-Rein Road (S)  
Maloja 1815 En-Po Road Julier Route
Oberalp 2044 Rein-Rhein(R) Rail

Road (S)

  
Reschen 1513 En-Etsch Hwy A-I border,

Via Claudia Augusta
San Bernadino 2065 Po-Rein Hwy (T)  
Sett 2310 Po-Rein Path  
Splügen 2113 Po-Rein Road (S) alt. Julier
Stilfersjoch 2757 Po-Etsch Road (S)  
Umbrail 2501 Po-Etsch Road (S) CH-I border
Valbella 1549 Rein-Rein Road Julier
Veriena new rail tunnel En-Rein Rail (T)  
Vermunt (A) 1986 Inn-Rhein Road (S)  

(S) Summer only, (T) through Tunnel

BACK TO CHAPTER 4


Table 7
Romansh and Territory:
Swiss Language Territories and Romansh Speakers
 

Romansh and Language Territories

Romansh in the four Swiss language territories:

TERRITORY* # Romansh % of total
Romansh 19,300 48.7
German 18,923 47.8
French 958 2.4
Italian 453 1.1
[non-Romansh total] 20,334 51.3

 

Language composition in the Romansh language territory:*

LANGUAGE Residents % of total
Romansh 19,300 73.3
German 5564 21.1
Italian 566 2.2
French 70 <1.0
all Slavic 370 1.4
other Germanic 103 <1.0
other Romance 209 <1.0
all others 135 <1.0
Total 26,317 100

Source: Federal Census, 1990. (Bundesamt für Statistik, 1995)
*Language territories are defined by largest language group in census unit.

BACK TO CHAPTER 5

RETURN TO TOP

RETURN TO MAIN PAGE